Medical Imaging Of Traumatic Brain Injuries Essay

Medical Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injuries INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) consist of pathological intracranial features of alteration in brain function cause by an outside force. TBI’s have plagued emergency rooms in recent years. TBI’s are the number one cause for death and disability in American youth and young adults. The drastic increase in TBI prognosis has been credited to reasons such as; increased competitiveness in sports, increased speeds of automobiles and/or speed limits, increased incidence of thrill seekers, as well as increased sensitivity of medical imaging modalities. The development of certain imaging protocols has made diagnosis of TBI’s more common. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has paved the way in the imaging and identify process of TBI’s. There are different levels of severity in TBI’s and the diagnostic imaging and the associated application of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is crucial. The GCS is a point scale in which a clinician can r ate the severity of a brain injury and use a numeric value to objectively track progress or decline in the patient’s health. In some cases, the TBI may inflict secondary vascular trauma in which the GCS may assist in detecting. Physicians have coined the term â€Å"silent epidemic† to describe TBI’s.1 This means TBI’s can go undetected; therefore the patient with the TBI may go untreated. Even with computed tomography (CT) being the leading imaging modality in detecting TBI’s,Show MoreRelatedImaging Of Traumatic Brain Injuries Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesImaging of Traumatic Brain Injuries: An Investigative Report INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) consist of pathological intracranial characteristics of altered brain function cause by an outside force. TBI’s have plagued emergency rooms in recent years. TBI’s are the number one cause for death and disability in American youth and young adults. The drastic increase in TBI prognosis has been credited for reasons such as; increased competitiveness in sports, increased speeds of automobilesRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pages Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of an external force against the head that causes displacement of the cranial structures, either through impact with an object or through acceleration and deceleration. TBI is not isolated to a single ethnic group, socioeconomic class, or region (Berquist et al., 2009; Jang et al., 2013). In 2002, the United States had the highest incidence of reported TBI cases of any developed country. The incidence of hospital admissions due to closed head injuriesRead MoreRecent Epidemiological Studies Have Linked Mild Traumatic1509 Words   |  7 Pageslinked mild traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for dementia. Estimated that 100 to 300 per 100,000 people seek medical attention for mTBI annually worldwide. Due to not all persons with mTBI seeking medical attention it is estimated that 600 per 100,000 have a mTBI annually. Epidemiological evidence suggests that moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Chronic Traumatic EncephalopathyRead MoreAcupuncture Treated Patient Who Received A Traumatic Brain Injury From A Snowboarding Accident Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesThis case report illustrates the improvement of an acupuncture-treated patient who received a traumatic brain injury from a snowboarding accident. The patient progressed from initially not being able to walk, having difficultly with speech, and poor eyesight, to where he has now regained significant motor function, speech and vision and has returned to snowboarding. This case shows the beneficial effects of acupuncture when tailored to the patient’s condition. Through a core acupuncture protocolRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injuries On Our Society1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe human brain is an enormously complex and intricate structure; however, it is incredibly susceptible to injury and irreversible damage. Traumatic brain injuries can affect any member of the population at any given moment, damaging vital areas of the brain responsible for an entire spectrum of tasks, most of which are often taken for granted. Numerous medical professionals are involved in the rehabilitation of patients that sustain traumatic brain injuries. Because traumatic brain injuries have suchRead MoreQeeg Patterns708 Words   |  3 Pageswhile the patient engages in cognitive tasks reflect specific deficiencies in brain functioning. The article provides a theoretical and empirical base for QEEG interventions with TBI. Keywords EEG biofeedback
Traumatic brain injury
Cognitive rehabilitation
Activation QEEG
Memory rehabilitation
Cognitive challenge An estimated 5.3 million Americans currently have disabilities resulting from a traumatic brain injury. One study asserts that there are no clear unique TBI, EEG or QEEG featuresRead MoreConcussions Or Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries958 Words   |  4 Pagesmild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) are the most common forms of traumatic brain injury. There are between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions a year that occur due to sports and recreation accidents alone (CDC). Mild concussions and MTBIs were once thought to be insignificant in terms of consequences. However, there now is significant evidence that neurological even with what is thought to be a mild injury, physiological, and cognitive changes can occur. Individuals sustaining mild brain injuries oftenRead MorePhineas Gage Suffers a Traumatic Brain Injury1289 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a traumatic brain injury. While working at a railroad site, an iron tamping rod (43 inches long, 1.25 diameter) went through his left cheek, through his brain, and out the skull. He surprisingly ended up surviving this traumatic injury. After a month in the hospital, he was back out on the street. Once a nice, caring person, Phineas turned into an aggressive man who could not even keep a job. Just like Phineas Gage, a TBI can potentially change everything. Brain studies on traumatic brain injuriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Death And Disability On Young People1489 Words   |  6 PagesHead (Brain) injury is known as a major public health problem that is a frequent cause of death and disability in young people, Among the many challenges that survivors of traumatic brain injury must face, behavior problems rank among the most difficult. Traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a type of brain injury that occurs when trauma causes damage to the brain. It can cause when a person s head suddenly or violently hits an object, or an object hits the person, and damages the brain tissue. ARead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Can Ruin Your Entire Life1617 Words   |  7 PagesTraumatic Brain Injury Can Ruin Your Entire Life Head (Brain) injury is known as a major public health problem that is a frequent cause of death and disability in young people, Among the many challenges that survivors of traumatic brain injury must face, behavior problems rank among the most difficult. Traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a type of brain injury that occurs when trauma causes damage to the brain. It can cause when a person s head suddenly or violently hits an object, or an object

Outline and Evaluate the Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality Free Essays

Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which is based on Freud’s theories) states that abnormalities are results of a conflict which has gone wrong in the â€Å"psyche† (in the mind). Freud’s idea states that the psyche – which is made up of the (id, ego and superego), should all work in perfect harmony with each other to avoid being an abnormal person. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate the Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the idea that conscious thoughts and feelings are determined by the unconscious mind, and essentially being mentally healthy requires a good balance between: the id (which controls the desires for which we live for in order to satisfy ourselves), the superego (which takes into consideration morals and the difference between right and wrong) and the ego (which balances the superego and id to keep our behaviour in check). From these 3 components in the psyche, you can quickly see that the id and superego are constantly in conflict. This ultimately means that for a person to not develop a psychological disorder – a strong ego is necessary as it will â€Å"get the best of both worlds† and create a balance, while allowing the superego and id to express themselves (when suitable), without dominating the personality and hence, causing a psychological disorder. An example of an abnormality which could occur from the id being too strong in kids (is developing conduct disorders). In adults (they become psychopaths), all because of the personality being taken over by the id. If the superego is too strong socially acceptable pleasures will be hard to come by as neurotic behaviours such as phobias and obsessions will be apparent, as they will be constantly fixated with things that they want to do but â€Å"cant† because their too scared. Freud thought that the childhood of an individual was essential in the development of personality and that all abnormal behaviours are linked to childhood. There are different ages associated with different stages. An example of this is the oral stage which usually happens between (0-18 months) – the focus of pleasure is the mouth (feeding or dummy) and if this is fixated upon, this could lead to overeating or smoking in order to comfort themselves and their mouth. Another example is the anal stage (2-4 years). A conflict may arise when potty training as if the child receives either excessive punishment or the parents are too lenient during this stage it can lead to a fixation which will be taken to adult life. The end result could either be a person who has an anal retentive personality (stubborn perfectionist obsessed with tidiness) or an anal repulsive personality (messy person with no self-control), according to Freud. The evaluation of Freud’s model is that many detailed pieces of data were obtained as it was a case study. The findings did support Freud’s hypotheses and theories. However Freud’s ideas were very subjective as not much – if any scientific data was produced to back his work up. This therefore raises question marks over the reliability of his findings and theories. Also the evidence from the case study came from his own patients who could compel us to think that his results are unreliable, as his patients may have been biased and essentially gave the answers Freud wanted, because they were his patients. How to cite Outline and Evaluate the Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality, Essay examples

The automotive industry in competitive environment †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about The automotive industry in competitive environment. Answer: Introduction The automotive industry in todays world is stiffened by a very competitive environment that presses companies to utilize the resources available such as workstations and engineers to get the most out of them. The industry needs many diverse experts and a few specialists. Investing in sturdy workstation components can bring the most out of the designers broader skills thus enhancing the bottom line (Maloletnikov, 2014). Performance and versatility of workstations are determined by how it is configured, graphics processing units, the central processing unit, input/output components, memory, and storage. Depending on the data and application you use daily will determine the choices of these components. Making the right choices of the components will determine the performance of the workstations. The following are some of the components that should be considered when building the workstation: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Over the years, processor technology has evolved from dual-core to hex-core with multicore CPUs proving to be gaining theoretical speed-ups. However, for CAD workstations you wont get the best out of multi-core processors because the packages are not yet configured to run on them (Green, 2017). For this case, get the single core processor with the highest processing speed that you can afford. It is important to note that few CAD vendors are now designing their components to operate on 64-bit multicore architecture. CPU is an essential element for enduring that the workstation operates efficiently and utilizes the available resources optimally. For the workstation, you should choose XEON or Intel I7. Figure 1: XEON and Intel I7 Processors (Source: Green, 2017) Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) When choosing a GPU one must be keen in choosing a GPU that will be used to power the simulations applications, CAD, and the rendering process. The GPU of this era may have bit similarities to the graphics controllers of the older days. With professional graphics, one can display parts and models much more realistically and will also be able to keep the viewpoints fluid even if working with sophisticated objects. These GPUs will be able to offer a lot of power just not in graphics but also in other fields. Graphics is only but a beginning for these new GPU engines. When the correct GPU is put in place, a remarkable performance will be noticed in how the 3D software will respond to animation generation, panning, rotations, and other tasks that may push the limits of a much lower processor. Once this improvement is in place, the software will be able to bring overall user satisfaction and dramatic gain in the productivity. The consideration of a GPU will require both time and budget (Jovica, 2016). Most customers will want an entry caliber card that will be able to match the performance and all capabilities of the GPU with the rest of the system, for instance, an entry caliber workstation. The best way to maximizing the ROI for the workstation purchase is by the right balance in which every component will hit the performance level that it is supposed by the rest of the system. Figure 2: NVIDIA Quadro GPU (Source: Green, 2017) The GPU Computing. There are two most common components in the iterative workflow which are; FEA (Finite Element Analysis) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic). They are able to employ an algorithm that will rely on the heap of floating point arithmetic which also can run in parallel to gain a significant increase in the throughput. Raytraced rendering is a technique that falls naturally more on the GPU rather than graphics. It is different from the conventional raster based rendering. The images that are rendered using the raytracer are more eye-catching thus making the raytracer the most demanded visual tools used for product styling. NVIDIA GPU has enabled Iray which is a rendering engine located mostly in software as Bunk speed shot, the Autodesk 3d max and CATIA version6. The visual times are decreasing from hours to minutes. At that speed, designers can be able to influence raytracing earlier in the development procedure NVIDIA Maximus is another GPU powered option available in major workshops such as Lenovo, Dell, and Hp. It is used for the use of CAD and other professional related applications, hence allow in ROI cranking visualization, ultimate concurrency, and analysis. NVIDIA Tesla coprocessors and NVIDIA Quadro graphics are integrated, you will carry out simulations, designing, and rendering processes on the same system. Figure 3: NVIDIA Tesla GPU (Source: Green, 2017) Multi-monitor support supports a dual slot for CAD professionals and graphics which in turn opens doors to a whole lot more screen real estate. With NVIDIA Quadro cards one can be able to get unique Mosaic technologies that can be able to support as many and up to eight monitors and also enable transparent scaling of any application as well as seamless taskbar spanning. Also, nView technology is another unique feature. It allows one starts applications as many 32 different desktops seamlessly switching in between them. There is a taskbar that shows each application button on its specific display and lets you eliminate a single screen with an overly crowded taskbar. When the performance requires an additional graphics cards, for example, high-end graphics or mid-range graphics, one card will be enough to get all the screen real estate you want. There must be sufficient Ram in order CAD to run. The system RAM will depend on the GPU that you will choose because the GPU have their internal memory which can be used to free up the RAM in order to do other tasks. The speed of the RAM and its size will remarkably influence the workstation performance much more than the CPU and GPU. The most advisable and reasonable budget of a CAD application may range from 8 to 32 GB, but one can leave some space in the DIMM slots located into the motherboards system for expansion later. For the ECC (Error Correcting Code), it is not essential in CAD but is certainly valuable for allowing single bit memory errors to be detected and corrected. In order to make the right choice, one must give full consideration to the choice of the CPU and GPU. The productivity will depend on the tools; hence, the performance of the workstation will only be as good as the elements you selected (Covington, 2016). The memory choice should be beefy enough so as to hold on all the computational horsepower. Random Access Memory (RAM) The abundance of fast and reliable RAM is crucial for the fast and smooth operations of a CAD design for it requires a whole lot of memory. The 26 GB is the minimum, and the 32 GB is more so for the professional use. The DDR4 is a must. Figure 4: ECC and Non-ECC RAM (Source: Green, 2017) Storage (Solid-State Drives) This is highly recommended to build every PC with one and double for the CAD workstations. The speed 05-6x over 7200 RPM platter drivers are more impactful and real hence increase the reliability. NVme SSD drivers like the Samsung 950 pro are mostly use for the CAD workstations and are crazily fast for shut down, quick boot, and program launching as well as an overall snappier feel. The SSD and the Hybrid SSD will be able to load up large assembly files. The faster the Hard Drive, the faster the files will be loaded on the desk or RAM, for the Hard Drive acts as a filing cabinet. If the Ram runs out, the Hard Drive Virtual Memory is used for file swapping. Figure 5: SSD Storage (Source: Green, 2017) Input/output Devices There are others which may include, ten screens, one screen, 3D mouse, and ergo keyboard Figure 6:Monitor (Source: Green, 2017) Vendor Vendors such as Dell, HP, and Lenovo have a CAD level category of mobile and desktop workstations which will have most if not all of the recommendations required, but one can look at clone to save in money. For this case, I recommend acquisition of Inventor workstation from Autodesk. The vendor has been in the industry for the more 30 years and understood the industry requirements. Autodesk inventor will bring several benefits to the company by facilitating 3D modeling rapidly, digital prototyping, and design of products. It can reduce the time required to design and model a product, assessment of global impact to the product, and potential design visualization. Autodesk inventor should be implemented in well specified and suitable components to avoid time wastage and nullification of it benefits. Due to the vast amount of data, the company will be supplying to the Autodesk inventor; I recommend the following components to work with Autodesk Inventor: Component model CPU Intel XEON 3.70GHZ RAM DDR4 32 GB GPU NVIDIA Quadro 1600x1050 with True Color and DirectX 11 compliant Storage SSD 500GB References Autodesk, A. (2017).Inventor | Mechanical Design 3D CAD Software | Autodesk.Autodesk.eu. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://www.autodesk.eu/products/inventor/overview Covington, J. (2016).What you need for the best CAD Workstation PC.Custom Gaming Enthusiast PC Blog | Velocity Micro. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://www.velocitymicro.com/blog/need-best-cad-workstation-pc/ Green, R. (2017).How to Choose Workstation Components That Can Handle CAD | Cadalyst.cadalyst.com. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://www.cadalyst.com/hardware/workstations/how-choose-workstation-components-can-handle-cad-32447 Jovica, D. (2016).Recommended Hardware for CAD.Redstack.com.au. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://redstack.com.au/support/blog_posts/hardware Maloletnikov, O. (2014).COMPONENTS OF A CAD WORKSTATION | .Proizvodim.com. Retrieved 26 February 2018, from https://proizvodim.com/components-of-a-cad-workstation.html